Thursday, January 31, 2013

How to save file to desktop using Linux commands.?

Q. I am a beginner to Linux commands. I use SSH to connect to a Linux server. What command can I use to save a text file on the server to my desktop? Example?

A. From your desktop, fire up a terminal, or use Cygwin if you're under Windows (make sure you have installed the openssh packages) :

scp <your_user_name>@<server_name>:<path to remote file> <path to local dir/file>

Enter your password, and you're done :)

Are you suppose to use different linux distros if you have different purposes?
Q. Or can all linux distro do almost the same if you know the terminal command or scripts? For example if i wanted to do some penetration test with back track but i want to surf the wow anonymously with incognito? Do i have to do them seperately or can i kinda combine them together in one.

A. Terminal commands in almost all Linux distributions are the same commands. Penetration Testing (Forensic) Linux distributions do not make a very good desktop, for everyday use. It doesn't make very much sense to do it on your own hard drive. In most Linux distributions, I believe in the package management program you can find anonymous browsing software to install. And yes one Linux in general can be over bloated with software to your desire.

How can I use hping3 to do a port scan?
Q. When I used Hping3 in linux or windows it can only scan a localhost. Is it possible to scan a remote network? What is the Linux and Windows terminal command for portscanning remote networks?

A. There's no universal program for scanning networks. The best tool to do this from a command line would probably be nmap. nmap is not included with Windows and is not standard in all Linux distributions, but is available in most repositories.

http://nmap.org/download.html



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whats the point of booting linux as a live disto if you cant save?

Q. ive been reading about multiboot and i was wondering, whats the point of loading linux as a live usb if you cant save your stuff?

A. Using the built in linux features. I use it for many different things from hard drive recovery, file access behind a password locked windows, and quite a few networking things.

is it okay to install an OS onto a usb flash drive?
Q. I am planning to install Ubuntu linux onto a flash drive, but I heard that flash drives have a limited number of read/write cycles?
Oh, and it is not a standard installation. I am creating a persistent live usb of ubuntu 8.10, not a "real" install. Will I have any problems with my flash drive failing?

A. It seems really weird installing an OS onto a USB flash drive. Nor do I see how it works. Would it even have the correct amount of memory space?
I'd just buy another hard drive. A little portable one ^-^ Because all the memory you'll be using on that OS will just probably try and use up more space on the flash drive. Where as on the hard drive its more better to use and you have plenty of memory and not forgetting Hard Drives are made for an OS not really USB flash drives.

Can you use PHP and Mysql with a Linux Live CD?
Q. If you come back to Windows will all your PHP & Mysql settings gone? Do you have to reinstall everything again if you decide to use a second time the Linux Live CD?? I don't want to install Linux permanently o0n my sustem but I would like to work with the Lice CD without losing my work & setings. Is it possible?

A. Linux LiveCD's are run within the RAM of your PC so you cannot save you settings between LIVE sessions.

One possibility is having Ubuntu installed on a USB Pendrive


Ubuntu Live USB Pendrive Persistent
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LiveUsbPendrivePersistent

LUg.



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What is the best certificate in Linux and/or Unix?

Q. I have the intention to master Linux and/ or Unix (I am not sure yet but most probably Linux), so I am searching for the best certificate to study for it, so far I found RHCE and LPIC, I think they may be more.
Please tell me what is the best certificate that would verify my abilities and skills in Linux??
Thanks...

A. Novell also has certifications: http://www.novell.com/training/certinfo/
You can also get certified in Solaris (which is also a Unix-ish OS): http://in.sun.com/training/certification/solaris/index.xml

I'm not sure which certification would be in the highest demand. Certainly Red Hat has the most brand-recognition for the Enterprise. Novell is also well known, and additionally has Netware, which is an alternative to Active Directory. Solaris has a reputation for being rock solid (and notorious for being difficult to administer), but I don't know how much demand there are for Solaris Sysadmins vs. Linux.

What is the best free Chess Training software?
Q. I've seen some very expensive Chess training software. What is the best option for a free software trainer?

A. Hello;

Free software for chess training is pretty rare. I think that it is important to have a good pgn viewer ... I like Winboard in MS Windows and I use eboard on my Linux systems. Winboard is also GUI for playing chess. The newest versions have analysis options.

http://www.tim-mann.org/chess.html

Beyond that there is Nagasaki, an excellent free chess program.

http://www.mayothi.com/nagaskaki.html

Interestingly, there is a vast amount of chess help programs on the internet. One of the best is:

http://www.chessvideos.tv/

Is an excellent chess resource. It is a website where chess videos are made many of them are of high quality and the training tips are fantastic.

Free Internet Chess Server (FICS) has chess lectures that can be very informative.

http://www.freechess.org

One of my very favourite chess websites is:

http://www.chessgames.com

It is an on-lline chess community where chess is discussed -- the daily puzzles are enchanting.

There are more, but that should get you started ...

Gens Una Sumas

Bill

what is the most easy to learn: Linux administration or web development?
Q. I am a 48 PC Technician and would like to switch into the Linux or Windows Administration field. But I was wondering if the web development would be also a good alternative? If yes some recommendations will be greatly appreciated. Thank you.

A. Web development is definitely easier, however, this means that there is plenty of competition.

If you can train yourself to become a solid Linux admin, you will have less trouble finding jobs that pay well in the long run.



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How do I install linux and get rid of windows xp?

Q. I just got a computer from a friend that had a corrupted version of windows xp. I tried uninstalling it through the command prompts but it says it wont work. I tried installing linux but after the boot screen it comes up with all these error messages. Im not planning on partitioning my hard drives. Does anyone know if you have to uninstall windows to make linux work right?

A. This is exactly what happened to me 4 years ago!

I was so mad that I installed a Linux distro, (I think it was MEPIS), lost my windows data, (stupid me...I didn't bother to save my files to another drive/partition) and HAVE NEVER LOOKED BACK!

I love Linux and have closed the windows forever!

To be safe, I recommend that you get a "live CD" of a distro like Ubuntu or MEPIS and try it out. A 'live CD' won't change anything on your hard drive, (like destroy the existing data etc.), and will allow you to see if Linux will work with your hardware. If the computer was running XP then chances are it has the RAM and processor speed to do real justice to a Linux distro. Most live Cd's include a hard drive installer.

Almost all hardware now works with Linux; the exceptions being some of the latest boards for which drivers have not yet been written. So there is a very good chance your computer will work just fine under the Linux OS.

If you don't want to spend the $1.95 for a CD, UBUNTU will send you one for free, but it takes a while as they are mailed out of Europe. Try OSDisc.com and click on the live CD tab at the top of the page. Try Puppy Linux too...you can install it on a 1Gb thumb drive just in case you hard drive is kaput!

lake

How do I enter my passkey to connect to an internet connection on a Linux Ubuntu?
Q. You see, the network to access the internet here at home requires a password to connect to it, should you be using a Mac or a Windows based OS. However, my Linux just connects to the network without asking for a password. But I can't access the internet since I didn't enter the password. And I have no idea how to enter it. Any help?

A. click on internet connections on the top right

then select ur internet connection
if there exist a password then it prompts u for a password
then u need to change the mode to 128 bit hex, i think this is the second option over there in the password prompt box.

if this doesnt work u change the mode of access to shared key in the second trial

How to add a picture on top of my video in Windows Live Movie Maker?
Q. I recorded a video, and I want to put my logo on top of the video, and it be their the whole time the video is running. Is this possible?

A. In the apps I use (all Linux), you just make a transparent-background logo and put it on a separate track to be overlaid on the other tracks. You can fade it in and out too.



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What is the windows equivalent of the Linux terminal's CTRL + D?

Q. I wrote and compiled a c program, and in the Linux command line, it allows me to enter text, then press CTRL + D to enter the next step of the program, if thats what you wanna call it. Ive recompiled the source for windows, and i notice that CTRL + D just types ^D... what key combo should I be using?

A. If the program is looking for end-of-file, use ctrl-Z.

Using command line only, how to I retrieve the exact number of frames in a given video in Linux?
Q. Using command line only, how to I retrieve the exact number of frames in a given video in Linux?

ffmpeg will return the duration in minutes and the framerate but duration*framerate does not give an exact number of frames.

I need to know the exact number of frames.

A. mplayer -identify -fps 1 VIDEOFILE

Then look at
ID_VIDEO_FPS=1.000
ID_VIDEO_ASPECT=0.0000
ID_AUDIO_FORMAT=80
ID_AUDIO_BITRATE=224000
ID_AUDIO_RATE=0
ID_AUDIO_NCH=0
ID_LENGTH=41819.00

Notice how the length, in seconds, is now the exact number of frames. (41819 frames)

If you need it to be interactive-less:
mplayer -msglevel all=0 -identify -fps 1 -vo null -frames 0 VIDEOFILE | grep ID_LENGTH

Or, for a program:
mplayer -identify -fps 1 -vo null -frames 0 -msglevel all=-1 VIDEO > moviedata

then to get the frame info:

grep ID_LENGTH moviedata

should do.

Thanks for that, now I know how to do it too!
~Purr

I want to learn the Windows command line. Ware can i get info or a guide to do so?
Q. i have been using Linux since mid windows xp days. i know the Linux Terminal command line frontwards and backwards. however i only know a few simple commands for the Windows command line. for Ms_Dos and the newer Windows command shell. i want to download a guide of some kind so i can learn the windows command line inside and out. do you know ware i can find such a thing?

A. Check http://www.windows-commandline.com also. They have command line tips for all the useful tasks.



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How can i get 'RED HAT' LINUX for free? Can i get a cd for free by post?or should i download it from the net?

Q. Can i get a CD containing 'RED HAT' LINUX by post, free of any charge as it is an open source software?? Or should i download it from the internet? Please give the details........ ( i want the red hat version of linux itself)
can you give me the links...., so that i can get them?

A. You seem to know the name RedHat but not enough about it to not ask this question. To the person who said that RedHat no longer exists and then turned around and said it is RedHat Enterprise, doesn't that sound a little silly? To answer the question you asked, YES AND NO. No you cannot get RedHat for free, it went commercial quite awhile ago. However they continued on with the home-user version renaming it Fedora to distinguish it from the commercial version. And what exactly do you mean "...free of any charge as it is an open source software??" Where did you get the idea that open-source is synonymous with free? I bet you've heard about the free software movement and think all open-source software is free. The GPL ( http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html ) states that a program with this license is copy-lefted. This means it is free to redistribute and change the software as you see fit, even to sell it (yes, sell someone else's program for your own profit as long as you leave the license intact and allow the people that buy or receive the software from you to do the exact same thing. I hope that this clarifies things a little for you. I didn't mean to sound so harsh, it was not my intention.

I finish CCNA & RED HAT LINUX .Is it possible to get good job by through this course?
Q. Sir/madam
I am an Engineering graduate. I am in INDIA .Within 15 days I finish my CCNA & RED HAT LINUX course in IIHT. Will it (CCNA & RHT LINUX) give me a good Job in MNC Company? What shall I do for getting job in this field? What about abroad opportunity (I am in India). Give the details about these things sir.

A. stay in india.

How to install a downloaded software [ like browser etc. ] into Red Hat Enterprise Linux?
Q. I have downloaded some software like a browser & anti-virus but unable to install those in my PC where Red Hat Enterprise Linux is installed. Please help me and tell me how to do that.

A. First, try looking in the package manager for those programs. That way, they download and install automatically.
Second, try looking on this forum:
http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/
Third, I don't know if this will help, but it might be useful some day:
http://www.thelinuxrevolution.net/Topics/Commands/How-to-install-a-linux-program-from-tar-gz.shtml



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What Linux app will allow you to view a webcam from a windows user?

Q. Me and my boyfriend are trying to see my cam. He has Linux though and I run on through Windows. What can he download to be able to see my camera?

A. I would suggest doing a little bit of research on the model of web cam, as you can usually find some step by step tutorials for how to use the camera in Linux.

For example, I have an old Linksys camera and I can use VLC to use it, as well as a few other commands which I found when I searched for the name of the camera and the type of Linux I was using.

How to remove "linux mint" from my Win7 GRUB screen?
Q. I recently ran linux mint form a usb drive, but I decided that I don't like it. Ever since, as soon as I power on my computer, I have to choose to boot into Windows 7 or Linux mint. Some tutorials I saw required a repair disk to boot into command prompt, which I don't have. Any advice would be greatly appreciated.

A. What you need to do is rebuild the BCD Store.
That is where that message is coming from.
It is sort of the new and improved bootloader starting
AFTER XP.
That can be a complex process, so lets go at this the
way you already were.

EVERY Win7 system will allow you you to make a "Win7 Repair Disk".
Note it is only for repairs, very important ones, (but somewhat small repairs.)

Please see the following MS link about getting this VERY helpful disk
(while the computer is working...)
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Create-a-system-repair-disc
See below if link breaks.

How do I go about installing windows after linux is already on my hard drive?
Q. I recently installed mandriva linux on my laptop but I realized I'm going to need to put windows back on the computer to play a couple of games I can't get to work with wine. Whats the process for installing a dual boot of linux and windows with linux already being installed?

A. How to dual boot Linux and Windows XP (Linux installed first)
http://apcmag.com/how_to_dual_boot_linux_and_windows_xp_linux_installed_first.htm

The above tutorial relates to Ubuntu 8.04 LTS and XP however it may be useful nonetheless.


LUg.



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What is the best (and free) Linux Operating System to download?

Q. What is the best (and free) Linux Operating System to download and what are the minimum requirements to run it? I have an old emachine that someone gave me about 2 years ago and I am taking Computer Science in college and I would like to gain some experience with it. Any suggestions would be appreciated.

A. Linux isn't an Operating System. Also, there is no best. You use what works for you. As for free, most, if not all GNU/Linux distrobutions are free with the optiuon to donate. They are sold in varies places, but they are gratis online. I'd recommend starting with Ubuntu minimal if you want to learn a few things as a beginner.

how do i install netgead wnda3100 wireless adapter to my computer which had a linux operating system?
Q. Hi i have a linux operating system running ubuntu 10.4 and i got a netgear wnda3100 wireless adapter so i can recieve wifi and the archive manager that runs with linux wont allow me to install the disk for netgear. THe archive manager also will not allow me to install anything else onto the computer.. PLEASE HELP!

A. You cannot install Windows software on Linux. The driver on the Netgear disk is for Windows. If your system does not auto-configure it, and it probably won't, you will need to find the driver online and install it. I couldn't find the driver when I searched. The links below might help you. Good luck.

What are the benefits of a Linux operating system?
Q. I've used Windows and and Mac operating systems, but never Linux. Are there any benefits to having a Linux operating system? Are there any disadvantages? Are they more likely to contract a virus?

A. A more informed user primary benefit.

Quicker more efficient system with less overhead and shit loads of free software. other beni

It won't make you a sandwich disadvantange.

Much less likely to get a virus, and if it does odds are it won't affect your machine but if you do get one you install Linux with a seperate home partition.

so when you have to format you just format your root partition.

Just for the record a Java/Flash/pdf buffer overflow attack can do just as much damage as a virus or more and is cross platform.

Typically these types of crap is put in pron and stuff people like to steal ie P2P over vuze or utorrent and stuff like that.


Most Linux users still Dual boot, just like allot of mac users boot camp.


Best place to start with Linux is to get Ubuntu and run the live Cd and see if you like it, you can also test your drivers running the live cd.

If you use Ubuntu you will probably need Ubuntu restricted extras from synaptic and a bunch of other stuff

You might run into problems with wireless drivers



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How to put 2moons onto linux ubuntu?

Q. I have a question, i tried to install 2moons onto linux with wine, everything worked untill the end, nothing installed. Is there some other software or a way i have to run it through terminal to make it work?

A. if at all there was any possibility through wine, crossover would have done it. But looks like it doesn't work with crossover (http://www.codeweavers.com/compatibility/browse/name/?forum=1;app_id=3562;mhl=28643;msg=28625)

So u can try running it in a windows inside Virtualbox. But directX may not work that great.

Can Windows viruses run in a Linux OS through Wine?
Q. I have Linux Mint 7 Gloria, and I tested a malicious script (fork bomb) to see if it would adversely effect the computer, and it did crash. Could other malicious scrips meant to harm Windows harm Linux in Wine? If so, should I consider installing virus protection in Wine?

A. The way Wine works, it create a software version of Windows within Linux. A Windows virus might be able to run without that environment (assuming the files it attacks are being simulated in Wine). However as soon as you stop Wine, you would kill the virus. When you reload Wine the virus would not longer be working. (Assuming you are not running Wine as Root).

How to download MSN instant messenger on to Ubuntu?
Q. I just got ubuntu and i am having problems downloading programs onto my computer. Does anyone know how to download MSN messenger onto ubuntu? i have heard about using linux wine to do it but i dont know how to do that. please help!!! (be specific with answers if u can)

A. Pidgin is Ubuntu's default instant messaging (IM) client. It works for a wide range of protocols, including MSN Messenger, AIM, Yahoo Messenger, Jabber, IRC, IRQ and Gadu-Gadu
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Pidgin


LUg.



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How can I protect other machines on my Lan using virtual firewall appliance ?

Q. If I have a Windows machine with a virtual linux based firewall appliance inside of it, I know how to protect the host machine with the firewall. How do I protect the other machines on the LAN using the virtual appliance ? Would I only have to set the "Gateway" setting of the other machines to the address of the virtual machine ?

A. Yes, and set their firewalls to block anything not comming from the appliance.

I have activated a port for a office but have internet connection problems?
Q. Recently I have activate a port for a office room and i'm gettting internet connection but if i type something in search it gives me connect to office or offline. I'm currently running a linux firewall do i need to do some setting? or what should i do to fix it?

A. Make sure the port you specifies is not interfering with other services that is using the same port. You can also flush all the port to see which port is having problem. Also make sure your internet daemon is running.

You can always ping your router or any outside network to see if it has internet connection.

I hope this help.

Linux Firewall on a home network?
Q. What would be the use of a linux firewall in a home network? Is there any point in making one?

A. The primary purpose would be to learn more about how firewalls, routers and IPTables work. It used to be that it took some big iron to run firewall and router software, "back in the day"
Today, of course, you can buy a $40 home router that does most everything you need

Here are some other reasons to set up a Liniux
1. you want to monitor all traffic in and out of your home network. Using a Linux machine as a router/firewall allows you to tap the Ethernet port with Wireshark and sniff the traffic coming to and from the whole network, not just one machine..
2. You want complete control of what all the machines can do and when they can do it on the network.
Home routers give you some control.
A Linux firewall/router gives you control that only a high priced router can give you.
Bandwidth allocation and limits are not available on low end home routers. Linux would give you the same controls as a full business router costing $500 or more.

But these days - mostly for fun and to learn



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why is the UK version of yahoo home page defaulting to mobile in Linux versions of chrome?

Q. I'm using Ubuntu both i386 and 64bit and the latest version of chrome downloaded from Google its happening on several machines I'm using. Is there some kind of global account setting that would do this?

A. Does it happen when you are logged out or only when logged in?

Have you tried clearing your cache?

If it happens only when you login, it is an account setting.

If it goes away after clearing your cache, you may have visited a link to the mobile site and a cookie got set for it.

If it is happening when you are logged out and you have cleared your cache, it is probably related to your user agent.

You could use the following command to change your user agent to that of an IE9 browser:

google-chrome --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)"

If this fixes it, which it should, you would want to check your current user-agent and see if there is anything weird about it. Changing your user agent should only be a temporary solution, it can cause problems long term.

How to make a terminal executable file?
Q. If I wanted to run a command on either Mac or Linux by the click of a button (opening a file), what would I do? I'm looking for a Mac/Linux version of a .bat file.

A. Linux has shell scripts which are typically written in SH files. Since Macintosh and Linux are both based on Unix, I suppose Macintosh probably has exactly the same thing.

How do I run a web browser from linux command line?
Q. I an VERY new to linux. I have installed Fedora 5 in text mode. I have a Linux book and am trying to slowly learn linux. So from the console, or command line, how do I run a web browser. Also how do I run the X Windows System?

A. If you installed in text mode, maybe you didn't install X. You probably have a text mode browser. Try lynx or elinks. If the startx command doesn't work, try "yum install x-window-system". By the way, Fedora 5 is old. The current version of Fedora is 9.



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How can I keep my programming lab away from viruses?

Q. I maintain a undergraduate basic computer programming lab.

There are thirty windows PCs. No Internet connections.

Students are allowed to use USB pen drives. So spreading of virus is a common problem. But since Internet is not available, anti-virus software are not used because of the unavailability of frequent update.

Linux is not an option. This is because, we need to run windows-based software.

So what can I do to prevent the spreading of viruses?

A. Disable autorun for USB.

Microsoft also makes a product where all the computers boot from a stable known image on every reboot.

You can also put update detection for many anti-virus programs on a disk and update from that.

How can I download large file splitinng into parts, because I'm not allowed to save fies in uni but allowed to
Q. download to pen drive but it's my pen drive is 2gb that linux iso is 4gb so, is there a way i can download that file by parts

A. well if you have the iso on the computer and you want to put it on your flash drive then you can either get some programs such as winrar which has a file spitter in it or you can download a program called the file splitter


WR http://rarlabs.com/rar/wrar371.exe
TFS http://www.dekabyte.com/filesplitter/download.html

both are good file splitters, i prefer winrars file splitter but i have both and they work fine

How to make bootable pen drive ?
Q. How to make bootable pen drive ?

A. Is it mac or windows or linux
windows:http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-22_11-5928902.html
linux:slax.org
mac:i forgot



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How can I tell if my Linux install is in its own partition?

Q. I have a Gateway netbook with Windows 7 starter. I installed the Ubuntu 10 version of Linux. But I don't think it installed on it's its own partition, because it never asked me about the size or anything of a partition or which partition to use. So, I followed some instructions on the internet to put Linux on its own partition, but how do I know its really on there?

A. It did, but if it will make you feel better, do this:

Boot into Linux.
Open a console shell
Type 'df -h'

The partitions will be displayed. The information on the right will tell you the mount point. The one marked '/host' will be the windows partition. On the left the host partition will be /dev/sda1. All the rest are you Linux partitions.

If you want to know more about /dev/sda1, type 'fdisk -l' (be careful with fdisk).

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?
Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.

How can I mount a disk I unmounted on my Mac?
Q. I ejected one of my hard drives by accident and when I tried to mount it again, it says "Mount failed. Try running first aid on the disk and then retry mounting. I ran first aid (both verify and repair disk) and that failed as well. It's an almost new disk with all my most important files (of course). The recommended action by First Aid is to erase and reformat.

A. If you're familiar with the Terminal application you could try getting the drive mounted via the command line. The programs you'll likely need are "fsck" to make sure the partition is clean and "mount" to actually mount the partition. Unfortunately those tools have a bit of a learning curve if you don't have any UNIX/Linux background.

Another option is other GUI-based disk/mount utilities. "Mount Me!" has worked for some people but I haven't had a need for it personally.



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How do you boot linux from a flash drive?

Q. I am looking for the best linux os distro that could boot straight from my flash drive.

Something like knoppix but for flash.

Another question, with that, can you access the hard drive and store information? Like to fix a windows machine?

A. You can run this of CD, USB, and even in RAM
http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/

To intall to USB drive:
First, boot up your computer from the DSL livecd, frugal, or USB-frugal. Note that it is not possible to do a USB install, or any other kind of install from a DSL Embedded system.

In the Fluxbox menu, go Apps >> Tools >> Install to USB Pendrive and choose either USB-ZIP emulation or USB-HDD emulation, depending on what is supported by your computer's bios.

how do i install heroes of newerth for linux mint?
Q. I am a complete noob on linux and I need some help. After I download HON for linux and I try to open it, it says I need to open with an appilcation, I have no idea how to do that, please help.

A. Was the file you downloaded a compressed file? More than likely it was and you don't have a program to decompress the file. To expand compressed file (decompresses) you can use and gzip -d, bunzip2 (bzip2 -d), unzip commands. See the link below for more info. that should help you out.

http://www.cyberciti.biz/howto/question/general/compress-file-unix-linux-cheat-sheet.php

http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-can-i-zipping-and-unzipping-files-under-linux.html

How do you take dial up internet in Ubuntu linux?
Q. Also please mention how can you login as root? I am new to linux and am self learning it.. i cant install new packages also.. also should i do anything special to install my modem in ubuntu.. theres a folder named linux in the drivers folder of my modem cd.. but doubleclicking the driver file in the folder doesnt yield any results..help ?

A. there is a program called KPPP.. on application menu >> Application >> Add/Remove >> on "search" box just type in "KPPP" and on "show" box select all available application... you'll see 2 programs, KPPP and KPPPLogView.. select both and click Apply..

In ubuntu, there's no need for you to login as root.. if you want to install a program (a firewall as example) just type "sudo apt-get install firestarter" at command prompt.. sudo enables you to run admin/root command.

installing a modem driver that are not PnP in ubuntu requires a little knowlegde about linux.. 1st.. you have to read readme.txt, how to install documentation in that linux driver's folder.. some driver requires special care and special command. 2nd. Surf the web for the latest driver and download it.. 3rd Double clicking driver file wont let you go anywhere.. please read all documents in that folder and you might find commands like this ./configure, make, make install.. so read the instruction.. if you still have problems installing the modem driver.. feel free to zip and email me those driver files



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How do I run Steam games on Linux?

Q. I got Steam to work on Linux using Wine. All my games worked just fine for a while, but all of the sudden none of them will run (except Portal for some reason). When i try to open them it says, "Preparing to launch," then does nothing. Does anyone know what the problem is, or how to fix it?

A. You could use a program like WINE (Windows Emulator) to get it going. Or you can try a virtual machine but sometimes that wont load drivers and you still wont be able to play. The best option will be a dual boot of windows and linux. The reason being, that for the sake of stability, for the drivers to work, and for you to get a good performance it is just easier to play on Windows (since all PC games are generally designed for Windows environments).

How can i play COD MW2 on Linux Ubuntu?
Q. So i bought MW2 and installed steam on linux and then installed the game... after it finished, i launch the game and it opens but with a dark screen and the words seem to be corrupted , like they do not appear and i cant do anything with it... how can i play MW2 on my computer, although i have Wine and the game opens through it already,,, what should i do?

Thanks in Advance,
Adam.
i did install wine from before... and i dont know how to open the game in window mode , can you please tell me how?

A. Try using PlayOnLinux. It will configure Wine automatically for COD MW2.

How can i Install steam on ubuntu os and make it work?
Q. I am hoping someone will be able to give instructions that are easily understood, any time i go to a web page with instructions to install steam on ubuntu i find terms that i dont really understand and cant figure out how to install it.

A. http://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Steam_under_Linux

or you can always download wine http://www.winehq.org/ try it and read the link above

http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=source_linux&num=1

A youtube video about it: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUJgILE9jhM



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How does one run puppy linux in such a manner?

Q. I would like to keep a distro of puppy linux on a flash drive and I would like to keep all the downloads, applications, system files, boot sectors, etc. on the same flash drive so that it serves as a hard drive in a way.
Is there any way for me to do that?

A. Yes, it is a while since I ran puppy but when you first shut it down it should ask you where you want to create a file and if you select your flash drive thats where they will be

EDIT
I think what i did is install all the software I wanted and the did a 'full install' to a USB stick. This option is available in puppy somewhere

Puppy is very quick and great for recovering PCs and for browsing
I eventually moved to slitaz because puppy used to hang my router on shutdown and I get fed-up power-cycling the router

Hopefully some-one has done this more recently than me and has better recall - but I know it can be done pretty easily

http://www.pendrivelinux.com/puppy-linux-on-usb/

How to install applications in puppy linux?
Q. Hi, please help me. I am really stuck with this. I just set up puppy linux OS I want to install some software. But whenever I click on the setup file of a software, it says something like that I don't have a run action set. Now how can I install a software in puppy linux? Thanks.

A. You have to use the puppy linux way of installing apps, not the windows way (which is look for apps on the net and download and use the windows installer).

Can I download Puppy Linux with my current computer specs?
Q. I want to stop using Windows ME and switch to Puppy Linux. But I don't know if it would work on my old PC. I have a 6.2 gig hard drive and 128.0 MB of Ram would Puppy Linux work?

A. The 6.2GB hard drive and the 128MB RAM wouldn't give you any problems. But all you have to do is download Puppy Linux and, burn it to disk, and boot the Live CD to see if it works.

You can also install Damn Small Linux if that doesn't work for some reason. I installed DSL on a system with a 4GB hard drive and only 64MB of RAM. It is very very fast and snappy on that system. When first booted, it only takes up 20MB of memory space.

Even DSL Linux would be a big step above Windows ME.



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What version do I have to start learning linux?

Q. Which version do I have to start learning linux? What version is commonly used in the enterprise? Do all Linux versions have the same command? What is the difference between the versions of linux?

A. Any. All.

Redhat, Debian, and Ubuntu are common in enterprises. CentoOS is a free version of Redhat.

distrowatch.org.


...

What is the command to know the linux version i am using?
Q. I am using a Linux server in command mode, i dont know which linux i am using ie whether it is Fedora Core 1,2,3 or Redh Hat linux Enterpirse or Linux 9.0 Version??

A. username@machine> uname -a
Linux test_machine1 2.4.21-4.ELsmp #1 SMP Fri Oct 3 17:52:56 EDT 2003 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

In this example, the Linux kernel version is 2.4.21-4.


To obtain the Linux glibc version, type the following at the shell command prompt:

username@machine> rpm -q glibc
glibc-2.3.2-95.3

Two alternative methods to obtain glibc version information:
username@machine> /lib/libc.so.6 | head -1
GNU C Library stable release version 2.3.2, by Roland McGrath et al.

username@machine> getconf GNU_LIBC_VERSION
glibc 2.3.2

If you are using a RedHat Linux distribution, you can find the RedHat release by typing:
usename@machine> cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Linux release 9 (Shrike)

Where do I find source code of linux commands?
Q. Linux commands like cp, dir, ls, shred, man (etc...) are nothing but programs (hopefully all written in C). I would really like to know exactly how they work (and make a few modifications to some) so I need their source code...
Can you tell me where to find source code of linux commands?
Thank you in advance!

A. In general there are several places you can go to get the source for these commands. This is mostly because there can be several different implementations of the commands.

1) The company who distributed your version of Linux. Most versions of these types of commands are under the GPL and as such the person or company who gave you the executable has to make a copy of the source code available to you. Usually these are released as source rpms, and some times come on one of the CDs or DVDs that you used to install Linux with. You can often find them on the web too.

For example the RHEL5 Server source rpm (SRPM) is
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/5Server/en/os/SRPMS/coreutils-5.97-12.1.el5.src.rpm

Most of the time your distribution will have a tool like yum to install these and other rpms for you.

2) www.gnu.org
GNU probably wrote the commands that are on your distribution of Linux, although a few very specialized distros use different implementations of the commands (Usually busybox http://www.busybox.net/ but this is really rare).

http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
has instructions on how to download a very recent copy of the code, which may be much much newer then the version currently installed on your computer.

NOTE:

Some shells, like tcsh and csh have their own implementations of these commands built into them. This is because it is faster to run the command as part of your shell then to fork and exec a new command. So if you do change them be sure to check that you are actually running your updated version. BASH usually does not play these games but you can always check by running which followed by the name of your command.



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How to save file to desktop using Linux commands.?

Q. I am a beginner to Linux commands. I use SSH to connect to a Linux server. What command can I use to save a text file on the server to my desktop? Example?

A. From your desktop, fire up a terminal, or use Cygwin if you're under Windows (make sure you have installed the openssh packages) :

scp <your_user_name>@<server_name>:<path to remote file> <path to local dir/file>

Enter your password, and you're done :)

How hard is it to run a secure Linux server, with Apache, PHP, MySQL, and mail services?
Q. I will be getting my own dedicated server soon and while I have a functional knowledge of the concepts of Linux, I don't know everything. Will my server be reasonably secure if I am sure to keep everything updated and patched (assume there are no PHP scripts vulnerable to SQL injection etc.)

A. Make sure you have strong passwords for everything. This includes your database. Use SSH to connect, scp or some other secure program to transfer files (not vanilla FTP, since it transmits passwords in the clear).
If your database doesn't need to talk to other hosts, configure it so it only listens on the loopback interface.
Be careful when configuring your mail server, so it isn't an open relay.
Get a cert for the web server, so you can use SSL to protect information that gets sent over the net.

The biggest potential source of vulnerabilities will be from whatever web apps you install. Subscribe to the announcement/security mailing list(s) for those apps (and for the Linux distro you use), so you don't get blindsided. Before you install something, you might want to check out a security site (like Secunia) and search to see what advisories have been issued for that software w/in the recent past. This will give you an idea about just how worried you should be about potential issues down the road (and what current issues there are that haven't been fixed, yet).

If you're rolling your own web apps, there are a whole bunch of things to watch out for, especially if you're doing things with user data (file uploads, SQL searches, form processing, etc).

How do I upload a folder recursively via SSH through a linux terminal?
Q. The problem is quite simple actually. I have a folder in my desktop which I want to be able to upload to my server via SSH. I want to be able to do that using only the linux terminal. Thanks
I don't know about import/export functions. I just want to upload via SSH. I know it's possible, I just don't know how.

A. See the SCP command (syntax in source link). It copies files over ssh. As you can see, it has an option to put an entire folder over at once.

Alternatively, there's SFTP (secure-ftp) which tunnels a ftp connection through ssh (valid only if the target server also has ftp service in addition to ssh).



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What's the difference between the cd and dvd versions of Knoppix?

Q. I want to use Knoppix, just to play around with linux a little. But I noticed there are two versions of it. CD and DVD. Obviously the DVD version is much, much, larger. Besides the obvious size difference, what separates the CD version from the DVD on.

A. the dvd version has more software,

knoppix is not really a good idea if you want to 'mess' with linux, you can access your normal system and delete thing that will make it useless,

best idea is install virtualbox

http://www.virtualbox.org/

then download and install one of the free distro's in a virtual machine, then you can 'mess' till you brake it, without breaking your host (normal) system

Any mac users out there upset with their machines?
Q. Obviously not a scientific study, but I want to know any stories about people who regret buying a mac. I've run Windows since I gave up on OS/2, and I've played with Linux, but I've never considered buying a mac until recently. Anybody sad that they bought a mac?

A. There are 2 desktops and 2 laptops in this house. One desktop runs Windows because I have one highly-specialized piece of software that'll only run on Windows. It only gets used when I need that bit of software. One laptop runs Windows solely because I haven't gotten around to installing Linux on it yet and so it lies fallow waiting for better days. The other desktop runs Linux (the second most used computer) and my most-used computer (this laptop, in fact) is an Apple. I love my Apple! I love my Linux box for different reasons, but after finally getting my hands on this MacBook Pro, I really don't want to use another computer. Ever. I'll always have Linux boxes around, but I'll also always have an Apple from here on in.

How to find what video file format a file is apart from the extension of the file itself?
Q. For example, I have an avi file....It plays in linux using SMPlayer front end...but the video does not play on Windows (VLC player)....the audio is heard though.
When you play the file in VLC Player, and press CTRL-I, it will show up the information and it will also show the encoding of the video file, for example: XVID, etc

A. I have been wondering about this myself, and have had very little luck finding a simple answer, if any at all. I myself have .avi files that when changed to the .mpeg extension somehow still play properly, yet cannot be burned using Nero, etc. as either one.



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How to install a proxy server on a Linux server and use it from my Windows computer?

Q. My Linux server is in the USA. I'm in Canada. I want to use my Linux server as a proxy to be "detected" as coming from the USA when I surf the web. Thank you for your help!
It would be nice to have a step-by-step how-to.

A. A very easy and non-permanent way to do this can be done using ssh. You could use cron to automate this so that it is always on, or on at certain times.

Check out this website for a very clear tutorial on how to do this.
http://embraceubuntu.com/2006/12/08/ssh-tunnel-socks-proxy-forwarding-secure-browsing/

How do I remotely execute Command Line commands from my laptop to a Linux Server?
Q. I am trying to download and install Icast 2 on a remote Linux server. I have rights to the server and can also FTP or access CPanel remotely, but want to remotely execute commands on the Linux Server to install and configure the Icecast and other software. THANKS!!!

A. I assume you are coming from a Windows Machine ? This Linux server most likely has SSH running opposed to Telnet so you need to setup a session using putty. You can also send files over ssh using a free app such as winSCP. Another option is to setup a vncsession on the server , and connect with a remote desktop session.

Download putty
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html

Download winSCP
http://winscp.net/eng/download.php

realvnc for Windows
http://www.realvnc.com/products/free/4.1/winvncviewer.html
first you ssh into the linux box, and type vncserver then from windows machine, connect to the display's ip and port num 1,2,3,etc.

What is the best online place to buy Linux server, and what the best server brand?
Q. I am Looking to buy Linux server online to be shipped to colocation in Atlanta, I need recommendation for the best company to by online.

A. a "linux server" is nothing more than an IBM compatible PC with Linux running as it's operating system.
Linux nowadays has drivers for most common hardware on the market, so as long as you stick with industry standard components (ASUS or INTEL motherboards, 3-com or d-link Ethernet, ATI or Matrox video, Creative labs sound card....you get the idea) You'll be fine. I just suggest you purchase the systems from a store that will pre-load the linux onto the units to your specifications so that if there are any issues, they can be solved before the unit is shipped.



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How to download Redhat Linux Enterprise Desktop free?

Q. Please tell me how to and from where to download Redhat Linux Enterprise Desktop for free. As it is an open source software, the source code has to be available. I heard they are giving the rpm packages of the source. If yes, how do I download it and how do I compile it? What's the difference if I purchase Redhat or compile it from source? Help PLzzz.

A. Unlike most Linux distros. Red Hat itself does not come free of charge
http://www.redhat.com/products/enterprise-linux/

However CentOS and Fedora which come from the Red Hat stable are
http://www.centos.org/
http://fedoraproject.org/


LUg.

How do you install softwares downloaded from other sites to Linux (Ubuntu)?
Q. Pls tell me in detail, step by step, as I have downloaded .tar & .tar.gz files on my ubuntu linux desktop. I am new to linux and i only know that I have to open terminal and type the codes. Tell me how to open, how to install and where to install.

A. save yourself a lot of hassles and use the package manager. Linux doesn't install software in the same way as windows. With windows,you just download the file and its all there. Run the setup executable and it installs. easy. With linux, there's the software (tar.gz etc) that you've downloaded and then there may be up to 5, 10, + packages that need to be installed so that the file can run. These include libraries, programming languages, etc. You also have to make sure you obtain the correct version of each dependency. It can be a real pain in the butt.

The package manager makes all the calculations for you. You just tell it what you want to install and it gets all the dependencies and sets them all up for you. Ubuntu has a great range of packages already available. Only go the downloading and installing non .deb files if you really have no alternative or if you can see that the dependencies required are either already installed or easy to obtain.

How to get wireless Internet on Linux ?
Q. So I just installed Linux and erased windows vista and all my files with it. Now I'm at my linux desktop and can't connect to my wifi network. When I go to the networks icon over the wireless option it cant be selected and says "device not ready (firmware missing). I've looked through the software center for drivers but I can't install them because the only button says "use this source" and when clicked does nothing.
So if someone could help me get on the Internet on it.

A. Missing firmware is typical of broadcom 43XX chipsets, but there are ways to get it.

The following page may be of use to you.

http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/b43



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How can I install Linux Mint 7 on a net book?

Q. Please help! I am not happy with Windows XP and want to switch over to Linux Mint 7. The problem is, that I have a net book and do not know how to install Linux without a CD-Drive. Can I install it using a pen drive/ external hard drive? Please give me a detailed informatory paragraph with the exact steps.

A. Here is a link to how to install linux mint without a cd drive. You could run mint from the usb or do what they call a frugal install.
Did you check to see if the specs for the netbook are adequate for linux mint, or any other full linux distro?
You may need to use a linux distro that is customized for the netbook. Here ar some links that discuss various distros for the netbook
Good luck

How can I keep my programming lab away from viruses?
Q. I maintain a undergraduate basic computer programming lab.

There are thirty windows PCs. No Internet connections.

Students are allowed to use USB pen drives. So spreading of virus is a common problem. But since Internet is not available, anti-virus software are not used because of the unavailability of frequent update.

Linux is not an option. This is because, we need to run windows-based software.

So what can I do to prevent the spreading of viruses?

A. Disable autorun for USB.

Microsoft also makes a product where all the computers boot from a stable known image on every reboot.

You can also put update detection for many anti-virus programs on a disk and update from that.

How can I download large file splitinng into parts, because I'm not allowed to save fies in uni but allowed to
Q. download to pen drive but it's my pen drive is 2gb that linux iso is 4gb so, is there a way i can download that file by parts

A. well if you have the iso on the computer and you want to put it on your flash drive then you can either get some programs such as winrar which has a file spitter in it or you can download a program called the file splitter


WR http://rarlabs.com/rar/wrar371.exe
TFS http://www.dekabyte.com/filesplitter/download.html

both are good file splitters, i prefer winrars file splitter but i have both and they work fine



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How do I install bukkit on my minecraft server for linux ubuntu?

Q. I own a complete character based linux server that I want to become bukkit. How do I set it up so that I can make it a bukkit server?

A. You download the bukkit server jar file, you plop it into your minecraft server directory, and you execute it.

Is there any way I can speed up Tekkit on my computer?
Q. I'm running the Technic pack for minecraft on linux, but with a 32x32 texture pack and all the setting set to the lowest (Render distance, Particles, etc), I get about 8-12 FPS. I have 4 GB of RAM allocated to it, but it hasn't sped up much (If at all). Is there any way I can get a higher frame rate?

A. I have the same problem. But i know how to fix it(i'm on windows) You know how to get to the technic pack folder? Then tekkit>options(text object) The search for fps limit and change it to 2050. Then start up tekkit, and you should have a higher frame rate. It worked for me. If you didn't get any higher fps then you should search for antoher forum. Hope i helped :)

Will running a minecraft server on my computer slow it down?
Q. I have decided to run a small minecraft server on my computer. I have am using a macbook pro. I want to know if this will slow down my computer, or will it only slow down when the server is running. Also, if i deleted the server would it run fast again? At tops, I will have 10 people on at once.

A. if you are going to run a server use Linux
do not use a Windows based PC for any server --- i know you are not i just wanted to point that out
but really if it's a server you want to run you can use Linux and it will be amazing esp if its a built in program by the game
YES Minecraft runs on Linux --- if you don't know what Linux is have a look at Linux Mint MATE edition or XFCE so it will run fast but still be easy to use
and it's not hard to run either



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